COVID-19 in Adults With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Background: Individuals with cardiovascular disease are considered high risk for severe COVID-19. However, the clinical impact of COVID-19 in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical course and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with HCM. Methods: This retrospective observational study included adults with HCM and positive PCR/antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 at a large urban hospital system in the New York from January, 2020 to January, 2021. Results: Seventy individuals were included, with a mean (SD) age of 60.1 (15.1) years, 39 (55.7%) of whom were male, and 42 (60%) white. Forty-five (65.3%) patients had obstructive HCM. Hypertension and obesity (BMI ≥ 30) were present in 45 (64.3%) and 37 (52.9%) patients, and the prevalence of atrial fibrillation, obstructive sleep apnea and diabetes was high. Common symptoms of COVID-19 were fever, cough, shortness of breath and fatigue, affecting 33 (47.1%), 33 (47.1%), 28 (40.0%), and 28 (40.0%) patients, respectively. Fourteen (20%) patients were hospitalized. The majority (45 [64.3%] patients) recovered without intervention. Two patients had non-fatal pulmonary embolisms, 1 had atrial fibrillation requiring electrical cardioversion and 1 had acute decompensated heart failure. Three (4.3%) patients required mechanical ventilation, two of whom died (case fatality rate 2.9%). A total of 15 (21.4%) patients were asymptomatic. Conclusions: Our data suggest that in this diverse and high-risk group of patients with HCM, established risk factors for severe COVID-19, such as obesity, may be more important drivers of morbidity and mortality than the presence of HCM alone.