Digit Preference in Office Blood Pressure Measurements, United States 2015–2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND Blood pressure (BP) measurement error may lead to under- or overtreatment of hypertension. One common source of error is terminal digit preference, most often a terminal digit of “0.” The objective was to evaluate national trends in terminal digit preference in office BP measurements among adults with treated hypertension. METHODS Data were from IQVIA’s National Disease and Therapeutic Index, a nationally representative, serial cross-sectional survey of office-based physicians. The analysis included office visits from 2015 to 2019 among adults aged ≥18 years receiving antihypertensive treatment. Annual trends were examined in the percent of systolic and diastolic BP measurements ending in zero by patient sex, age, and race/ethnicity, physician specialty, and first or subsequent hypertension treatment visit. RESULTS From 2015 to 2019, there were ~60 million hypertension treatment visits annually (unweighted N: 5,585–9,085). There was a decrease in the percent of visits with systolic (41.7%–37.7%) or diastolic (42.7%–37.8%) BP recordings ending in zero. Trends were similar by patient characteristics. However, a greater proportion of measurements ended in zero among patients aged ≥80 (vs. 15–59 or 60–79) years, first (vs. subsequent) treatment visits, visits to cardiologists (vs. primary care physicians), and visits with systolic BP ≥140 or diastolic BP ≥90 (vs. <140/90) mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS Despite modest improvement, terminal digit preference remains a common problem in office BP measurement in the United States. Without bias, 10%–20% of measurements are expected to end in zero. Reducing digit preference is a priority for improving BP measurement accuracy and hypertension management.