Baby Incubator with Overshoot Reduction System using PID Control Equipped with Heart Rate Monitoring Based on the Internet of Things

Abstract

Factors causing premature infant mortality include the lack of simple care and inadequate equipment such as a baby incubator. Premature babies are very susceptible to heart disorders, including congenital heart defects. Congenital heart defects can cause a fetus to be born prematurely. The current research related to this matter was further conducted, aiming to develop a baby incubator with an overshoot reduction system specifically for babies with heart defects that can be monitored remotely using an IoT system. In this study, the AHT 10 sensor was used for room temperature sensing in the baby incubator. Temperature control was achieved using a closed-loop PID system. In this case, the monitoring of the baby's heart rate employed leads II to tap the heart's electrical signal. Data transmission consisted of temperature readings, ECG signals, and heart rate. The microdata was processed into digital data, which were then sent via the Raspberry Pi, then sent via the internet to access the cloud firebase. After that, the firebase data were downloaded from an Android system. The performance results showed that in the temperature test, the error value was below 5%, and the PID control made can reduce the overshoot temperature by no more than 5%. In addition, it was also determined that the steady-state error value was 2%. T-Test statistical test on the ECG signal further obtained a p-value > 0.05. Furthermore, the data transmission test using IoT did not find data loss when sending the data, and the minimum speed required for data transmission was 5 kbps. This research further implied that the user or the patient's family could easily monitor the baby's development anywhere and anytime.