Endocrine disruptors and male reproductive function - A short review

Abstract

Semen quality has decline in many countries over the last few decades. There has been an increase in the incidence of testicular cancer world-wide. The incidences of cryptorchidism and hypospadias have also increased in many countries. A biological plausible hypothesis has suggested that man-made chemicals act as endocrine disruptors resulting in altered development of the reproductive tract causing the observed effects. Endocrine disruptors include natural products, pharmaceuticals, industrial products and environmental pollutants. There are limitations in the current in vivo and in vitro assays for the assessment of endocrine disruptors. Epidemiological human studies are necessary to fill in the gap of knowledge. Based on the current knowledge, the impact of endocrine disruptors on the male reproductive function remain to be appreciated.