Prácticas de manejo de ordeño, acopio y su importancia en la calidad de la leche, Matahuasi, Concepción y Apata, Junín (Perú)

Abstract

This study was carried out in three provinces of the Junín region, with four milk collection companies and 20 dairy farmers with 208 cows, with an average production of 10 liters/cow/ day. The objectives were to identify the dairy farmer’s management practices in the milking process; the milking system (manual or mechanized) and their influence on the composition, microbiology and hygienic quality of the milk; the difference in composition and quality of the milk collected (by the owner and by external collectors); effect of milk deterioration over time, and propose an approach for good livestock farming practices. A statistical linear model for one factor method was used, for the comparison between groups and nonparametric tests according to the number of groups to be compared (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test). Six farmers had mechanized milking and 14 manual milking. None of the farmers had a written milking routine protocol. With regards to milk composition, the following results were found: Acidity (D°) 15,67, density (g / cm3) 1,030, fat (%) 3,71, SNG (%) 8,19, ST (%) 11,90, protein (%) 3,47, lactose 4,15, MBRT (mt) 359 and in SCC (thousands) 445. Significant differences in temperature at time of arrival, methyl blue reduction time and somatic cells count were found. With regard to deterioration (including the three variables above), only the methyl blue reduction time showed significant differences. A set of guidelines for good livestock farming practices were developed to improve milk quality and safety.