Microplastics Detected in Sediments and Rocks Substrate of Marine Areas with Ghost Nets

Abstract

According to UNEP and FAO reports, the fishing nets abandoned in the seas around the world represent approximately 10% of the plastic waste present in the oceans. These nets, also called ghost nets, can be degraded over time, releasing microplastics and contaminating the environment. Studying the presence and amount of microplastics in an area impacted by ghost nets in the Gulf of Cefalù, northern coast of Sicily, Italy can help to understand the level of contamination in these zones. The planned study methodology has been carried out by sampling sediment and rock substrate, on a quantitative basis, by scuba diving at seven stations selected as the most representative for the presence or absence of fishing nets in the study area. Two different extraction methods for sediment and rock samples were taken from the literature and modified for the present study. Microplastics determination was carried out according to, first, a visual identification and, second, a polymer type identification by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, demonstrating the presence of polyamide, nylon, or polyethylene in the impacted areas, probably derived from the degradation of fishing nets. The present study reports the first record of microplastics determination in rock substrate samples recollected by scuba diving activities.