Applicability of organic carbonates as green solvents for membrane preparation

Abstract

Common polar aprotic solvents, like N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), 1,4-dioxane, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) and tetrahydrofuran (THF), are excellent for membrane preparation. However, due to their toxicity or volatile nature, it would be useful to replace them by "greener" solvents for environmental and health reasons. In this work, organic carbonates, obtainable through carbon dioxide fixation, were selected as green solvents to find possible use in membrane preparation. Polymer solubility experiments were performed to screen their applicability in the phase inversion process to create porous membrane with appropriate structures and selectivities. Hansen solubility parameters were used to rationalize the solubility results. Membrane morphology and pore structure were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the performance of the membrane was determined by applying a 35 μM aqueous feed solution of rose bengal (RB, MW = 1017 Da) to screen the potential of these polymer/organic carbonate systems toward nanofiltration application.