From Braille to Artificial Intelligence: The Evolution of the Accessible Formats Library in Montenegro

Abstract

Purpose: This paper analyzes the development of library services for persons with visual impairments in Montenegro, from the first Braille publications in the mid-20th century to the establishment of the Montenegro state lending library for the visually impaired in 2006—the first institution in the country dedicated to accessible formats. The aim is to highlight the role of this institution in ensuring access to culture, education, and information, with particular emphasis on the importance of inclusion and social participation of persons with disabilities. Methodology: The research is based on a descriptive-analytical approach that combines a historical overview with an analysis of practices in publishing materials in accessible formats. Special attention is given to the transformation of Braille writing, audiobooks, and electronic publications, as well as to the impact of modern technologies, particularly artificial intelligence on the personalization and improvement of content accessibility. Findings: The results indicate that the Montenegro state lending library for the visually impaired has become a central institution of knowledge and culture, successfully combining the preservation of traditional formats and cultural heritage with the introduction of innovative digital solutions. At the same time, the study identifies challenges in the application of modern technologies, including ethical issues and the sustainability of digital resources. Social significance: The paper emphasizes the importance of accessible format libraries in promoting equal opportunities, cultural inclusion, and reducing social barriers for persons with visual impairments, thus contributing, as a socially responsible institution, to decreasing social exclusion. Originality/Value: By combining a historical perspective with an analysis of contemporary technological trends, the paper provides an original contribution to understanding how libraries in smaller cultural environments can set regional standards and demonstrate how the integration of innovation and a humanistic approach enables equal access to information and culture.