Shouldering the burden: Intensive mothering and autism

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the degree to which intensive mothering ideology corresponds to the perspectives and roles of mothers of young adults with autism. Background: Previous research suggests that intensive mothering ideology shapes the perspectives and roles of mothers in general. However, few studies have examined how the ideology specifically relates to mothers of young adults with autism. Research is needed to understand the roles that mothers of young adults with autism assume within the context of intensive mothering. Method: In-depth interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 19 mothers of adult children with autism. Interview data were analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory approach. Results: Mothers devoted much time and effort to caring for or otherwise assisting their adult children with autism, assuming the roles of protector, advocate, and case manager. Mothers struggled to live up to the expectations of intensive mothering but, simultaneously, resented the degree to which they had to advocate and manage services for their adult children. Conclusion: Mothers may feel added pressure to meet the needs of adult children with autism. Many are susceptible to self-blame and internalizing others' negative judgments of their parenting abilities, but some view themselves as good mothers based on the challenges they have overcome. Implications: Service providers can adopt a family-based approach to services for adults with autism and their families. Policymakers could explore opportunities to make the adult service system more attentive to the needs of caregivers.