Complexity in Big History

Abstract

Building on foundational work in systems theory, thermodynamics, and evolutionary theory, this paper argues that complexity can serve as a conceptual bridge across disciplines. It explores the role of complexity dynamics in Big History through an integrative theoretical framework that spans physical, chemical, geological, biological, social, cognitive, and civilizational domains. By examining how complexity emerges, is sustained, and transforms across thresholds, as well as in different directions and dimensions, we seek to unify seemingly disparate phenomena under shared principles of self-organization, energy flow, and information processing. The aim is not to impose a rigid definition, let alone paradigm, but to offer a flexible, empirically grounded understanding of complexity, which may pave way to creation of a model that deepens our comprehension of the universe, its self-development and our place within it.