Tarekat Naqsabandiyah di Indonesia Abad 19 dari Ortodoksi ke Politisasi

Abstract

Setidaknya ada beberapa hal penting dalam tulisan ini; pertama, perkembangan tarekat Naqsabandiyah pada abad 19 terjadi secara luas. Tidak hanya di Indonesia tetapi di hampir seluruh wilayah muslim. Hal ini disebabkan karena dominasi faham wujudiyah (tasawuf falsafi) yang melekat pada tarekat Syattariyah mulai ditinggalkan oleh masyarakat muslim akibat serangan gencar kaum tradisionalis (tasawuf sunni). Proses peralihan dalam kurun ini menyebabkan tarekat Naqsabandiyah menjadi diminati. Kedua, kritik pedas kaum tradisionalis juga dilakukan oleh para ulama fikih kepada bid’ah tarekat. Kesesuaian dengan al-Quran dan sunnah seperti yang menjadi landasan tasawuf sunni akhirnya membuat tarekat Naqsabandiyah (dan terekat non faham wujudiyah) diminati oleh masyarakat muslim. Ketiga, kekhawatiran pemerintah kolonial Belanda terhadap tarekat, terutama Naqsabandiyah saat itu, diarahkan kepada tarekat dalam arti politik, termasuk di dalamnya gerakan Pan-Islamisme. Tetapi sepanjang tidak berpolitik, pihak konial tidak membatasi tarekat.At least there are some important things in this article; First, the development of widespread Naqsabandiyah congregation in the 19th century. It happens not only in Indonesia but also in almost all Muslim lands. This is due to the dominance of ideology Wujudiyah (Sufism philosophical) attached to Syattariyah congregation begins to be abandoned by the Muslim community as a result of the onslaught of the traditionalists (Sufism of Sunni). The process of transition in this period leads Naqsabandiyah to be desirable. Second, harsh criticism of the traditionalists is also done by the jurists to heretical congregation. Compliance with the Quran and the Sunnah as the basis of Sufism Sunni finally made Naqsabandiyah congregation (and congregation of non wujudiyah’s thought) demand by the Muslim community. Thirdly, the Dutch colonial government fears the congregation, especially Naqsabandiyah. Then, it is directed to the congregation in a political sense, including the movement of Pan-Islamism. But as long as there are no politics, colonial party does not restrict the congregation.