Estimating the TNM status for squamous cell carcinomas fusing ordered logistic regression: A seven year retrospective case study

Abstract

Nowadays, many researchers discussed the importance of statistical analysis which was implemented in many areas of research which includes science and non-science field. For example, in medical or dental science research, there are many statistical tools had been used especially for the modeling and estimating purpose. One of the statistical tools which focus on the ordinal outcome is ordinal regression or ordered logistic regression. Generally, this study mainly focuses on ordinal logistics regression modeling. Through this ordered logistic regression we can estimate the TNM staging for those patients who attended Hospital University Sains Malaysia (USM) from 2011 to 2017 (based on secondary data). Besides that, the ordinal regression model also can be used as a tool for factor determination (having an association toward TNM staging) for an ordinal outcome. Through this study, we also address issues such as the global concept and interpretation of the ordinal logistic regression model. The significant result from this finding (output based) can be used to educate public people or stakeholder of how important this factor toward patients management.