Profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial pathogens associated with diarrheas in patients presenting at the Kousseri regional hospital Anne, Far North, Cameroon

Abstract

Introduction: In most of the health facilities in Cameroon, the management of patients with diarrhea is based on presumptive diagnosis due to limited laboratory resources. This study aimed to determine germs profile and their susceptibility to antibiotics usually prescribed against pathogenic bacteria associated with diarrheas at the Kousseri Regional Hospital Annex from July to October 2015. Methods: We conducted a descriptive and cross-sectional study of all consenting individual presenting with diarrhea to the Kousseri Regional Hospital Annex during the study period. Stool samples were collected from each patient. Patient data were collected via anonymous questionnaire with face to face interview. Each stool sample was grown on media for enterobacteria and analyzed following the standard stool culture method. The sensitivity of the isolated strains to the most frequently prescribed antibiotics was assessed and the proportions of patients with each pathogen germ and of germ sensitive to each antibiotic were estimated. Results: Out of 150 patients with diarrhea included in the study 45(30.0%) had enteropathogenic bacteria, of which 37(82.2%) in children aged 0-5 years. Escherichia coli was the the most common bacterium(30 cases, 66%) followed by Salmonella spp(7 cases, 16%), Vibrio spp,(5 cases, 11%), Aeromonas spp(2 cases, 4%), and Shigella spp(1 cases, 2%). Susceptibility tests were performed which showed that 17(56.7%), 14(46.7%) and 5(16.7%) E. coli were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole respectively; 4(57.14%), 2(28.57%) Salmonella spp. were susceptible to ceftriaxone and cotrimoxazole respectively. Conclusion: Nearly a third of the cases of diarrheas at the Kousseri Regional Hospital Annex in the season of rain were associated with at least a pathogenic bacterium. The susceptibility of isolated germs to commonly prescribed antibiotics was very limited. Health staff in the facilities in the extreme north of Cameroon prescribe antibiotic against diarrheas on the basis of presumptive diagnosis. Hence, the necessity to implement a system for the monitoring of the associated germ profile and of their susceptibility to commonly prescribed antibiotics.