Nutritional intake and its association with educational achievement in high-school students in Islamic Republic of Iran

Abstract

Background: Inadequate food intake can affect learning and memory. Studies on the nutrient intake of adolescents in Sabzevar are lacking. Aims: This study assessed the nutrient intake of high-school students in Sabzevar and its association with academic attainment. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 800 of 8 000 high-school students in Sabzevar. Stratified sampling was used. Demographic data and academic information were collected and the parents of the students completed a food frequency questionnaire which included 189 food items. The students’ weight and height were measured using standard methods. Each food was coded using Nutritionist IV software and mean values of nutrients (13 vitamins/minerals, 4 food types and total energy) were calculated. Results: The mean body mass index of female and male students was 20. 3 (SD 2.7) kg/m2 and 19.5 (SD 3.2) kg/m2 respectively. The intakes of energy, vitamins A, C, D, folic acid, calcium, iron and zinc were significantly lower than the dietary reference intake (P < 0.05). A statistically significant correlation was seen between iron intake and academic scores in female students (P < 0.05) but not for any other nutrient. Conclusions: The intake of most nutrients in high-school students in Sabzevar was lower than the dietary reference intake. Nutrition education and nutritional support strategies are recommended to improve the nutritional status of these students.