Type-5 Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS-5): An up to Date

Abstract

Cardiorenal syndromes (CRS) involve disorders of the heart or kidney whereby one organ dysfunction leads to the dysfunction of another. Five types of CRS are defined. While the first 4 types describe acute/chronic cardiorenal or renocardiac syndromes, type-5 CRS refers to secondary CRS or cardiorenal involvement in systemic conditions and describes the concomitant presence of renal and cardiovascular dysfunction. Type-5 CRS is a recently defined clinical syndrome and complete epidemiological data on this entity are still lacking. In the following review, epidemiological, pathophysiological, clinical, and therapeutic approaches to type-5 CRS will be discussed according to more recent findings.