The anti-inflammatory potency of biologics targeting tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-12/23 and CD20 in hidradenitis suppurativa: an ex vivo study

Abstract

Background: Biologics targeting inflammatory mediators can achieve clinical improvements in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). However, their clinical efficacy shows great interpatient variability in daily practice. Objectives: To investigate the anti-inflammatory potency of a selection of currently available biologics and prednisolone for the treatment of HS in an ex vivo skin culture system using lesional HS biopsies. Methods: Lesional skin samples from 10 patients with HS and skin samples from five healthy controls were cultured ex vivo and exposed to prednisolone or biologics targeting tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-12/23p40 or CD20 (adalimumab, infliximab, secukinumab, ustekinumab and rituximab, respectively). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and cytokine bead arrays were used to measure the inhibitory effect of the biologics on cytokines and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Results: The relative mRNA expression of all tested cytokines and AMPs was significantly downregulated by all anti-inflammatory agents (P < 0·001). The protein production of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, interferon γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17A was significantly inhibited by adalimumab, infliximab, ustekinumab, prednisolone (all P < 0·001) and rituximab (P = 0·0071), but not by secukinumab (P = 0·0663). On both mRNA and protein levels, adalimumab, infliximab and prednisolone reduced the levels of a broader mix of individual cytokines than secukinumab, ustekinumab and rituximab. Moreover, a significant inhibitory effect on mRNA expression levels of inflammatory markers in healthy control skin was observed only for TNF-α inhibitors (P < 0·001) and prednisolone (P = 0·0015). Conclusions: This ex vivo study suggests that TNF-α inhibitors and prednisolone are the most powerful inhibitors of proinflammatory cytokines and AMPs in HS lesional skin, which concurs with our clinical experience in patients with HS.