Bioanalytical chemistry with scanning electrochemical microscopy

Abstract

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a powerful and suitable tool for visualizing local electrochemical activity as well as topography of surfaces. Due to the development of electrode manufacturing technology, high spatial resolution can be achieved, and various applications are possible by combining SECM with other technologies. Many studies have applied SECM to bioanalytical chemistry at the single-cell level. The purpose of this review is to introduce various advanced nanoelectrode fabrication techniques and their subsequent applications in bioanalytical research using SECM.