Differences in Mediterranean diet adherence on lipid profile and plasma atherogenic index in dyslipidemia patients

Abstract

Dyslipidemia is lipid metabolism disorder as indicated by increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and decrease in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) Database in 2018 showed 12.6% Indonesian population aged 55-64 years had high cholesterol and very high LDL and triglycerides. The Mediterranean diet is non-pharmacotherapeutic treatments in the form of nutrition therapy for dyslipidemic patients. This study aimed to determine differences of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on lipid profile and Plasma Atherogenic Index (PAI) in dyslipidemic patients at a private clinic in Bandung. It used an observational analytic method with a prospective cohort of 30 dyslipidemia patients. Sampling was done by systematic random sampling technique. The subjects were divided into 3 categories based on adherence, namely low, medium and high, then lipid profile examination and PAI were assessed at the end of the month. Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL data were analyzed using Anova and Post Hoc Tukey while triglycerides and PAI were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet showed significant results on total cholesterol (p=0.007), LDL level (p=0.019), HDL level (p=0.006), triglycerides (p=0.005) and PAI (p=0.036). The result was associated due to the influence of food content rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), phytosterols and polyphenols that affect the levels of lipid profiles and PAI.