Epidemiology: Physical Activity, Exercise and Mortality

  • Bahls M
  • Dörr M
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Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cardiometabolic diseases like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are the main driver of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Sedentary behavior (physical inactivity) or, in other words, the lack of regular exercise causes many cardiometabolic diseases and increases the risk for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Higher levels of physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) may be used as a treatment to prevent many of these cardiometabolic diseases and thereby lower all-cause and cause-specific mortality independent of patient population. Abnormally high levels of PA may have adverse consequences and do increase the risk for atrial fibrillation. In the general population only very few individuals will reach these levels. However, at least for cardiologists working with elite athletes, an increased CVD risk may be of concern. Even though the terms PA and CRF are sometimes used interchangeably, both parameters are not the same. And even though PA and CRF act through different biological mechanisms, there is a large amount of evidence that, independent of an individual's health status (e.g. blood lipid levels, blood pressure and smoking as well as dietary habits), higher levels of PA and CRF improve the overall CVD risk profile. With regards to occupational PA, there is sufficient evidence that leisure time and sports related PA are inversely associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality, but the relationship between occupational PA on mortality, on the other hand, is currently unclear.

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Bahls, M., & Dörr, M. (2020). Epidemiology: Physical Activity, Exercise and Mortality. In Textbook of Sports and Exercise Cardiology (pp. 703–717). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35374-2_35

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