Sweat testing for heroin and metabolites in a heroin maintenance program

44Citations
Citations of this article
28Readers
Mendeley users who have this article in their library.
Get full text

Abstract

Recent advances in sensitive analytical techniques have enabled the analysis of drugs in unconventional biological materials such as sweat. In a study conducted during a heroin maintenance program, 14 subjects had sweat patches applied, then received intravenously two or three doses of heroin hydrochloride ranging from 80 to 1000 mg/day. The sweat patch was applied 10 min before the first dosage and removed ~24 h later, minutes before the next dosage. Absorbent pads were stored at -20 °C in plastic tubes until analysis. The target drugs were extracted in 5 mL of acetonitrile in the presence of 100 ng each of heroin-d9, 6-acetylmorphine-d3, and morphine- d3. After agitation for 30 min, the acetonitrile solution was divided into two portions: 2 mL for heroin testing and the remainder for testing for the other compounds. After evaporation, the residue of the first portion was reconstituted in 35 μL of acetonitrile; the second was derivatized by silylation with 40 μL of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide containing 10 mL/L trimethylchlorosilane. Drugs were analyzed by GC-MS in electron impact mode. Concentrations (nanograms per patch) ranged from 2.1 to 96.3 for heroin, 0 to 24.6 for 6-acetylmorphine, and 0 to 11.2 morphine. Except in one case, heroin was the major drug present in sweat, followed by 6-acetylmorphine and morphine. We observed no correlation between the doses of heroin administered and the concentrations of heroin measured in sweat.

Cite

CITATION STYLE

APA

Kintz, P., Brenneisen, R., Bundeli, P., & Mangin, P. (1997). Sweat testing for heroin and metabolites in a heroin maintenance program. Clinical Chemistry, 43(5), 736–739. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/43.5.736

Register to see more suggestions

Mendeley helps you to discover research relevant for your work.

Already have an account?

Save time finding and organizing research with Mendeley

Sign up for free