Extraction of the flesh of bintaro fruit with ultrasonic waves using nades solvent for producing bioinsecticide

Abstract

Agriculture is the driving force of the national economy. In addition to aiming to fulfil the lives of the people, the agricultural sector is also useful to boost the image of Indonesia in the eyes of the world. Generally, one indicator or parameter commonly used to show the quality of agriculture is the number of pests that damage plants in certain areas. Control of disturbing organisms in these plants can be minimized by the production of bintaro fruit-based bio-insecticides extracted by ultrasonic waves using NADES solvents with variations in sonification time and the mole ratio of the solvent. Bio-insecticides are produced by conducting phytochemical tests and efficacy tests using bok coy leaves and armyworm pests. The flesh of the fruit is separated then dried and mashed. After that, the dried flesh of the fruit is solved in NADES solvents in the form of a mixture between choline chloride and lactic acid with variations solvent mole ratio of 1:1; 1:2; and 2:1 then extracted via ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) with 53 kHz ultrasonic waves for 20, 40, and 60 minutes variations of time. The amount of extract per solvent is 20 mg/mL. Afterwards, the extract goes through Liebermann-Burchard test to prove the presence of glycoside in the extract and undergoes LCMS tests to obtain the concentration of cerberin inside the extract.