Managing delirium in older patients

Abstract

Delirium is an acute syndrome characterized by altered levels of consciousness, attention and cognitive function. It has many causes and frequently leads to, or occurs during, hospitalisation. Delirium requires urgent medical assessment. Unfortunately, the diagnosis is often missed. It is best treated by multidisciplinary intervention, addressing risk factors, treating underlying causes and minimising harm. Part of its management may be pharmacological, firstly ceasing drugs which may precipitate delirium - especially those with anticholinergic properties - and secondly, cautious use of antipsychotics for hyperactive symptoms.