Relationship between arterial stiffness and blood pressure drop during the sit-to-stand test in patients with diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Aim: Patients with orthostatic hypotension (OH) have high arterial stiffness. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) often have cardiac autonomic neuropathy that leads to OH; however, whether OH is an indicator of arterial stiffness progression is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) varies between DM patients with and without OH using the sit-to-stand test (STST). Methods: One hundred and fifty-nine patients with DM underwent CAVI assessment and blood pressure (BP) and heart rate change evaluation during the STST. OH was defined as a decline in systolic BP (SBP) and/or diastolic BP of at least 20 mmHg or 10 mmHg, respectively, in the initial and late upright positions compared with that in the sitting position. Results: OH was diagnosed in 42 patients (26.4%). DM patients with OH had significantly higher CAVI (9.36±1.15 versus 8.89±1.18, p=0.026) than those without OH. CAVI was significantly inversely correlated with systolic and diastolic BP changes (R=－0.347, p＜0.001 and R=－0.314, p＜0.001, respectively) in the initial upright position. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, SBP changes, and low frequency component in the initial upright position were independent determinants of CAVI. Conclusion: Patients with DM having large BP drops occurring when moving from sitting to standing have high arterial stiffness. A significant BP drop during the STST necessitates careful evaluation of advanced arterial stiffness in patient with DM.