Disorientation of the meaning of Hajj in local Indonesian Muslim communities

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Abstract

This study investigates how social, cultural, technological, and modern influences can lead to a redefinition of the Hajj, specifically resulting in a loss of its traditional meaning. This research aims to examine the complexities of various influences on the attitudes and practices of Hajj pilgrims within the local Muslim community, which may lead to disorientation during the performance of Hajj. The research method employs an interpretive qualitative approach. Data is collected through participatory observation techniques to gather information about the implementation of the Hajj in the holy cities of Mecca and Medina, as well as local ritual practices related to the Hajj within Muslim communities in Madura and Lombok. The study identifies both internal and external factors contributing to the disorientation of the Hajj’s meaning. Internal factors include limited knowledge among Hajj pilgrims and the local Muslim belief system, which is reinforced by traditions that elevate the Hajj as a religious example, bestowing it with high social status. External factors, such as modernity and advancements in digital technology, further exacerbate this disorientation, shifting the Hajj experience from a transcendent one to a worldly one, from idealistic to pragmatic, and from sacred rituals to a celebratory Hajj festival. Studi ini menelisik tentang bagaimana pengaruh sosial, budaya, teknologi, dan modernitas menyebabkan perubahan definisi haji, khususnya hilangnya makna tradisional haji. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengupas kompleksitas ragam pengaruh tersebut terhadap sikap dan praktik para jamaah haji pada komunitas muslim lokal sehingga menyebabkan disorientasi dalam beribadah haji. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif interpretif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi partisipatif untuk memperoleh data tentang pelaksanaan haji di tanah suci Mekah dan Madinah, serta praktik ritual terkait dengan ibadah haji pada komunitas lokal di Madura dan Lombok. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan faktor internal dan eksternal yang menyebabkan disorientasi makna haji. Faktor internal disorientasi makna haji adalah pengetahuan jamaah haji yang terbatas dan sistem gagasan Muslim lokal yang didukung oleh tradisi ritual haji yang menempatkan haji sebagai teladan dari beragama dan memiliki kedudukan sosial yang tinggi, Adapun faktor eksternal adalah modernitas dan kemajuan teknologi digital yang mengukuhkan disorientasi makna haji; dari transendental ke duniawi, dari idealitas ke pragmatis, dan dari ritual sakral ke perayaan festivalisasi haji.

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APA

Soehadha, M., Zakiyah, Koeswinarno, & Hamsah, U. (2025). Disorientation of the meaning of Hajj in local Indonesian Muslim communities. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 15(2), 385–411. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v15i2.385-411

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