Antibiofilm Property and Biocompatibility of Siloxane-Based Polymer Coatings Applied to Biomaterials

Abstract

Biofilm infections sometimes occur on biomaterials inserted into the body because biomaterials can block the attack of immune cells such as macrophages, promoting biofilm formation by invading bacteria. Owing to their use in antifouling applications, including biofilm formation, siloxane-based polymer coatings are considered a promising method to prevent biofilm formation on the surface of biomaterials. In this study, we explored the antibiofilm property and biocompatibility of siloxane-based polymer coatings. Biofilm formation and cytotoxicity tests were performed using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis to quantify the biofilms while U937 cells were used to measure the time course of viable cell concentration and viability, respectively. In both the biofilm formation and cytotoxicity tests, stainless steel SUS316L plates and titanium plates coated with the siloxane-based polymer and sterilized in an autoclave were used as the biomaterials. The amount of biofilm formed on the polymer-coated titanium plate was substantially higher than that on a noncoated titanium plate in the case of S. epidermidis. The viable cell concentration and viability of U937 cultured on the polymer-coated titanium plate were lower than those of U937 cultured on the noncoated titanium plate. The same trend was observed between polymer-coated and noncoated SUS316L plates. These results indicate that the siloxane-based polymer coatings need additional treatment to achieve a satisfactory antibiofilm property and that they are sensitive to autoclave treatment, resulting in cytotoxicity.