Review: Mekanisme Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.) dalam Menghadapi Cekaman Suhu Tinggi Pada Stadia Generatif

Abstract

The average temperature of the environment is a limiting factor in the process of formation and development of a variety of rice grains. Generative stage or flowering period is one of the most sensitive periods of high temperature stress. So indispensable knowledge of how the response and adaptation mechanisms of plants to high temperature stress. Increased high temperatures resulting in inhibition of the maturation of pollen to pollinate the stigma, the pollen fertility decline, decline in production, an increase in temperature of leaves, dry weight and grain growth, improve chalky grains, as well as changing the rate of photosynthesis and dehydration. Increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) is one way to address the rice crop adaptation high temperature stress. Increased activity of this enzyme is useful for inhibiting cell damage due to free radicals from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and membrane damage. In addition the high temperature oxidation decreases the activity of the root as the root measured by oxidation of alpha-naphthylamine (α-NA), flower opening time (WTB) earlier than the normal time is also a way of avoidance of high temperatures.