General Review of Rainfall-Runoff Modeling: Model Calibration, Data Assimilation, and Uncertainty Analysis

Abstract

All Rainfall-Runoff (R-R) models and, in the broader sense, hydrologic models are simplified characterizations of the real world system. A wide range of R-R models are currently used by researchers and practitioners, however the applications of these models are highly dependent on the purposes for which the modeling is made. Many R-R models are used merely for research purposes in order to enhance the knowledge and understanding about the hydrological processes that govern a real world system. Other types of models are developed and employed as tools for simulation and prediction aiming ultimately to allow decision makers to take the most effective decision for planning and operation while considering the interactions of physical, ecological, economic, and social aspects of a real world system.