Self-Medication Practice and Associated Factors Among Health Professionals in Spain

Abstract

(1) Background: Self-medication, defined as the use of medications without professional supervision, is a common practice that presents both potential benefits and significant risks. This study analyzes the prevalence, patterns, and determinants of self-medication among health professionals in Spain. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed with 438 health professionals, predominantly women (81.1%), with a median age of 42 years. The majority of the healthcare workers were nurses (45%). (3) Results: The results revealed a high prevalence of self-medication (59.4%). Analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs were the most commonly used. Age and professional knowledge emerged as significant factors influencing this behavior. The main reasons for self-medication included the mildness of symptoms, easy access to medications, and previous successful experiences. Digital sources, especially websites, were the most consulted. Confidence in artificial intelligence tools as a clinical resource was moderate, with 18% of participants consulting AI tools, a rate comparable to the 19.5% for scientific databases. Logistic regression analysis identified age, knowledge of recommended doses, and perceived efficacy as significant predictors, while concern about risks acted as a protective factor. (4) Conclusions: This study highlights the need for educational interventions aimed at promoting responsible self-medication practices and mitigating associated risks among healthcare professionals.