Copper prevents amyloid-β1-42 from forming amyloid fibrils under near-physiological conditions in vitro

Abstract

The aggregation and deposition of amyloid-β(1-42) (Aβ42) in the brain is implicated in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the mechanism underlying its deposition in vivo is unknown its precipitation in vitro is influenced by metal ions. For example, Aβ42 is known to bind copper, Cu(II), in vitro and binding results in aggregation of the peptide. The biophysical properties of Cu(II)-Aβ42 aggregates are of significant importance to their putative involvement in the amyloid cascade hypothesis of AD and are currently the subject of strong debate. In particular the question has been raised if sub- and super-stoichiometric concentrations of Cu(II) act in opposing ways in respectively accelerating and preventing amyloid fibril formation by Aβ42. Herein we have used fluorimetry and transmission electron microscopy to provide unequivocal evidence that under near-physiological conditions both sub- and super-stoichiometric concentrations of Cu(II) prevented the assembly of Aβ42 into ThT-positive β-sheet rich amyloid fibrils.