Cobertura del tamizaje de cáncer de cérvix en Latinoamérica

Abstract

Objective: To analyze and synthesize the available evidence on cervical cancer screening coverage in Latin America, identifying key management barriers and proposing strategies to improve the effectiveness, equity, and sustainability of screening programs in the region. Methods: A systematic review was carried out that included articles in English and Spanish published between 2020 and 2025, obtained from databases such as PubMed, Scielo, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, Lilacs and Elsevier. Results: Cervical cancer screening coverage remains insufficient and uneven, with marked disparities between urban and rural areas, and lower coverage among Indigenous women and those living in poverty. The main structural barriers include the lack of organized programs, limited follow-up, logistical constraints, and cultural and educational obstacles. While cytology continues to be the most commonly used method, genotyping for human papillomavirus offers greater diagnostic sensitivity, though its implementation faces economic and access limitations. Strategies such as self-sampling, mobile outreach units, and community engagement have proven effective in improving coverage among vulnerable populations. Reorganizing services, tailoring interventions to sociocultural contexts, and strengthening health education are essential to achieve equitable and effective prevention. Conclusion: Improving cervical cancer screening coverage in Latin America requires a shift toward organized, culturally appropriate, and sustainable programs. This includes incorporating sensitive technologies such as genotyping for human papillomavirus, innovative strategies like self-sampling, and strengthening primary care with active community participation.