Work Ability and Associated Factors Among Nurses in a Teaching Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Preserving nurses’ work ability (WA) is essential for healthcare sustainability, especially given the current global workforce crisis and an ageing population. This study aims to assess the prevalence of inadequate WA among hospital nurses and to identify the personal, domestic, and organisational predictors that influence it, focusing on modifiable factors to inform targeted retention strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at an Italian university hospital (August–October 2022). Data from 182 nurses were collected during mandatory health surveillance visits using the Work Ability Index (WAI), alongside assessments of socio-demographic, occupational, and extra-work responsibilities (caregiving/education). Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of WA, adjusting for confounders such as BMI and lifestyle factors. Results: Inadequate WA was reported by 44.5% of participants (mean age 45.8±11.1 years). A significant health burden was observed, with 41.8% suffering from musculoskeletal disorders. The regression model (χ2(9)=31.026; p<0.001) revealed that the likelihood of adequate WA decreased significantly with advancing age (OR=0.93 per year; p<0.001) and high extra-work burdens (OR=0.97 per hour; p=0.041). Conversely, satisfaction with working conditions emerged as the primary modifiable protective factor, significantly increasing the likelihood of adequate WA (OR=2.41; p=0.010). No significant associations were found for sex, BMI, or smoking status. Conclusions: Nearly half of the nursing workforce exhibits vulnerable work ability. Findings suggest a detrimental ‘double duty’ effect where domestic responsibilities and age intersect. Organisational interventions should prioritise work-life balance and improved work climates to mitigate the impact of demographic shifts and preserve workforce sustainability.