Recent Advances in Wastewater Treatment by Utilisation of Bio-waste-derived Hydroxyapatite

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is basically calcium phosphate and the main inorganic component in natural bone and teeth structure. Animal bones and eggshells are mass-generated bio-wastes, and their calcium-rich structure makes them suitable precursors for bioactive HAp synthesis through biomimetic mineralisation. Industrial wastewater discharge is a worldwide alarming problem due to high-capacity industrial-scale processes, and their adverse effects on human health and environment will be encountered long term. Adsorption is the most widely used separation process in wastewater treatment, in which HAp particles can be used as bio-adsorbents for wastewater treatment processes due to their bioactive nature. Utilisation of bio-waste-derived HAp particles for wastewater treatment applications would be a step towards sustainable development and circular economy concepts. It promotes the reuse and recycle rate of bio-wastes as bio-adsorbents through an effective waste management strategy and increases the circularity of the material in the production chain. This study offers a brief overview of articles published in 2023 on the use of bio-waste-derived HAp particles for wastewater treatment.Hidroksiapatit (HAp) je glavna anorganska komponenta u kostima i zubima, a riječ je o kalcijevu fosfatu. Životinjske kosti i ljuske jaja su bogati izvor biološkog otpada, a njihova struktura bogata kalcijem čini ih optimalnim prekursorima za bioaktivnu sintezu HAp kroz biomimetičku mineralizaciju. Problematika ispusta industrijskih otpadnih voda je globalno alarmantan problem s obzirom na obimne industrijske procese, čije dugoročne negativne posljedice na ljudsko zdravlje i okoliš su neminovne. Adsorpcija je najrašireniji separacijski proces za uklanjanje onečišćujućih tvari iz otpadnih voda. Čestice HAp-a mogu se koristiti kao bioadsorbensi u procesu pročišćavanja otpadnih voda zbog svoje bioaktivne prirode. Korištenje čestica HAp dobivenih iz biootpada dodatni je korak prema održivom razvoju i kružnom gospodarstvu jer promiče ponovnu upotrebu i recikliranje biološkog otpada. Kroz ovaj rad dan je pregled radova objavljenih 2023. na temu primjene čestica HAp-a dobivenih iz biološkog otpada u pročišćavanju otpadnih voda.