Seasonal dynamics of dominant species of soil predators (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Staphylinidae) in agrolandscapes and their potential gluttony

Abstract

We studied the seasonal change in the number of dominant species of predatory beetles on vegetable crops and determined their potential gluttony. A total of 1,472 beetles were collected, belonging to 22 species of ground beetles (Carabidae) and 27 species of rove beetles (Staphylinidae). The dominant species are: Harpalus rufipes (De Geer, 1774) (17.6% dominance), Amara fulva (De Geer) (13.28%), Bembidion properans (Stephens, 1828) (10.39%), Trechus quadristriatus (Schrank, 1781) (6.20%), Calathus melanocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) (5.39%), Poecilus cupreus Linnaeus, 1758 (5.3%), Bembidion femoratum Sturm, 1825 (5.10%), Aleochara bilineata, (Gyllenhaal, 1810) (17.6%), Aloconota gregagia (Erichson, 1839) (10.21%), Amischa analis (Gravenhorst, 1802) (6.01%), Amischa bifoveotata (Mannerheim, 1830) (5.41%). During the season, there is a change in dominant species. At the beginning of the season, smaller species dominate, while larger species dominate in the second half of the plant vegetation. The maximum number of predators are observed in June and August. The periods of the maximum abundance of ground beetles and rove beetles do not coincide in time, which is the evolutionary adaptation of two groups of predators that coexist. In laboratory experiments, when pest eggs were offered as food, Aleochara bilineata and Bembidion femoratum were the most voracious. Larger predator species showed high voracity when larvae of flies were offered as food.