Immunomodulatory Effect of Synbiotics on Lymphocytes Load and Histopathology of Mice Ileum in Salmonella typhimurium Infection

Abstract

Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, a zoonotic illness spread through food and drinks (meat, milk, eggs, fish, water) and other pollutants, is the primary cause of the endemic Salmonellosis in Indonesia. Synbiotics, Robusta coffee extract and Lactobacillus acidophilus can be used instead of antibiotic therapy. In this study, mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium were given a symbiotic. The mice lymphocytes and Ilieum's histopathology were determined. Twenty-five adult males were divided into five groups, namely, K-(Healthy), K+, P1 (Treatment 1), P2 (Treatment 2), and P3 (Treatment 3) were used for the study. The experimental animals were induced with a 108 CFU/mL dose of Salmonella typhimurium and allowed for three days to establish infection. The treatment groups, P1-P3, were given 150, 200, and 250 mg/kg BW per oral, respectively, of the symbiotic (a combination of Lampung Robusta Coffee extracts and L. acidophilus). The lymphocytes at the different treatment doses and the ileum histopathology were determined using Optilab 400x magnification microscope. The results were analysed using ANOVA. The results showed that the administration of the symbiotic at a combination of Lampung Robusta Coffee extracts 200 mg/kg BW and L. acidophilus significantly prevented ileum damage, as seen in the number of goblet cells and mucosal atrophy, and reduced lymphocyte load. The study concluded that combining Lampung Robusta coffee (200 mg/kg BW) extract and L. acidophilus could be a preventive cocktail against Salmonellosis.