Acute protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction by formoterol, salmeterol and terbutaline

Abstract

The onset of bronchoprotection as obtained by various β2-agonists has not been examined in a comparative study. In this study, the onset of bronchodilation and protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatics after inhalation of the long-acting β2-agonists formoterol and salmeterol and the short-acting β2-agonist terbutaline were measured. Twenty-five subjects with asthma and a history of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (mean baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1): 90% predicted; mean fall in FEV1 after exercise: 31% from baseline) were enrolled in this double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, randomized, four-period crossover study. Exercise challenges were performed on 12 days at either 5, 30, or 60 min after inhalation of a single dose of formoterol (12 μg Turbuhaler®), salmeterol (50 μg Diskus®), terbutaline (500 μg Turbuhaler® or placebo. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (maximum fall in FEV1 or area under the curve) did not differ significantly between terbutaline, formorerol and salmeterol either 5, 30, or 60 min after inhalation of the study medication. In contrast, the onset of bronchodilation was slower after salmeterol compared to terbutaline and formoterol (p<0.05, each), which both showed a similar time course. At all time points between 5 and 60 min, formoterol provided significantly greater bronchodilation than salmeterol (p<0.05). These data indicate that equipotent doses of the bronchodilators salmeterol, formoterol and terbutaline were similarly effective with respect to their short-term protective potency against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, despite the fact that the time course of bronchodilation was significantly different between the three β2-agonists.