Studi Adopsi Varietas Bawang Merah Bima Brebes dari Balitsa di Kabupaten Brebes

Abstract

Kontribusi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa) sebagai institusi pemerintah penghasil teknologi baru, termasuk varietas baru untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani masih belum diperoleh informasi secara lengkap. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui tingkat adopsi dan kontribusi varietas bawang merah Bima Brebes asal Balitsa dalam meningkatkan pendapatan petani adopter, serta mengetahui tingkat pengembalian investasi rate of investment (ROI ) biaya penelitian dan pengembangan teknologi bawang merah Bima Brebes pada bulan Juni–Desember 2014 di Desa Wanasari, Tanjung, Kemukten, dan Limbangan, Kabupaten Brebes. Lokasi-lokasi tersebut dipilih secara purposive karena dari observasi lapangan diketahui bahwa para petani di lokasi-lokasi tersebut diketahui telah mengadopsi teknologi dan varietas unggul dari Balitsa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui Fokus Grup Diskusi (FGD) dan wawancara individual dengan kuesioner terstruktur. Pemilihan responden dilakukan secara purposive yang terdiri atas 16 petani penanam bawang merah varietas Bima Brebes (adopter) dan 21 petani penanam varietas Bima Curut (nonadopter). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan statistik deskriptif, menggunakan gambar garis waktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi benih bawang merah varietas Bima telah didiseminasikan di Brebes sejak tahun 1985 dan hingga saat ini diadopsi cukup luas di Kabupaten Brebes dengan sebaran adopsi kurang lebih 16.522 ha. Pada tahun 2013, adopsi varietas Bima Brebes di Kabupaten Brebes dapat meningkatkan pendapatan bersih total adopter sebesar 345,050 milyar rupiah dengan ROI biaya penelitian dan diseminasi sebesar 71,125%. Contribution of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI) as an institution who produces new technologies, including new varieties, on the improvement of farmers’ income has not been got completed information yet. The objectives of the research were to figure out the level of adoption and contribution of Bima Brebes shallot variety from IVEGRI in increasing adopter farmers’ profit, as well as to figure out the return on investment (ROI) of research and dissemination of Bima Brebes shallot. This expost evaluation research was conducted in June–December 2014 in Wanasari Village, Tanjung, Kemukten, and Limbangan, Brebes District. The location was chosen purposively because in the area there were a quite lot of farmers who adopted Bima Brebes shallot variety. Data were collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and an individual interview used structured questionnaire. The respondents consisted of 16 Bima Brebes adopter shallot farmers and 21 nonadopters shallot farmers who planting Bima Curut variety. Data were analysed using descriptive statistic with time line picture. The result of study showed that the technology of Bima Brebes variety from IVEGRI has been disseminated since 1985 in Brebes District and currently, it has been adopting quiet large as well. The spreading adoption is about 16,522 ha. In 2013, the adoption of Bima Brebes in Brebes District could increase adopters’ profit as much as 345.050 billions rupiah with ROI of research and dissemination of the variety was 71.125%.