The development of quality circles/peer review groups as a method of quality improvement in Europe.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Peer review groups (PRGs) and quality circles (QCs) commenced in The Netherlands and have grown to become an important method of quality improvement in primary care in several other European countries. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to provide an overview of QC/PRG activities and exemplary programmes in European countries. METHODS: A survey was performed in three consecutive steps by EQuiP (European Working Party on Quality in Family Practice), which is a representative association of experts from 26 European countries. The national representatives initially completed a structured questionnaire documenting the number and objectives of QCs/PRGs, sources of support and special programmes in their countries (step one). In step two, these sources were used to extend and validate the expert statements. Step three studied paradigmatic initiatives in depth. RESULTS: Step one took place in 2000; the response rate was 100 per cent (26 countries). QCs/PRGs were very active in ten countries; 16 countries showed little or no activity. Participation ranged from