Hemiballism and chorea with acute/subacute onset: a retrospective series

Abstract

Introduction: Chorea is a hyperkinetic movement disorder with sudden, irregular, random, dance-like involuntary movements, and ballism is usually one-sided, high-amplitude movements at the proximal of the extremities. In the etiology of acute chorea/hemiballismus, it is necessary to distinguish drugs first and then focus on metabolic causes. The most important etiological causes that may provoke acute/subacute onset chorea/hemiballismus are hypo-hyperglycemia and electrolyte disorders. In this study, we aim to present 19 patients who were admitted to our clinic with movement disorder with acute/subacute onset and diagnosed with chorea/hemiballismus. Methods: The study was completed with 19 patients. Routine biochemistry, HbA1c level, hemogram, sedimentation, CRP, hepatitis panels, detailed infective parameters, HIV, vitamin B12 level, folate levels, and thyroid function tests were studied. All patients underwent neuro-imaging. Results: 16(84.2%) were female and 3(15.8%) were male. The lowest age of the patients was 48 years, the highest age was 89 years, and the mean age was 72.21 years. Thirteen (68.42%) patients had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in their history. The blood glucose levels of these patients at the time of admission: the lowest was 99 mg/dl and the highest was 1200 mg/dl. HbA1c values of 11(84.61%) of the 13 patients were also found elevated. Thirteen (68.4%) patients had hemiballismus, 4(21.1%) patients had bilateral choreoathetosis in the four extremities, and 2(10.2%) patients had ballism limited to one upper extremity. Conclusions: Chorea/hemiballismus is a movement disorder that is rare and can occur due to a wide range of etiologies. The most common metabolic cause is NKHHS.