The History, Current Status, and Future Directions of the School Lunch Program in Japan

Abstract

Objective: This article aims to review the history of the school lunch program in Japan and to clarify matters that are important for other countries trying to start and develop a sustainable school lunch program. Method: Literature and reports on the school lunch program were searched, selected and analyzed. Results: The sustainable school lunch program in Japan was developed after the School Lunch Act was enacted in 1954, in which the school lunch was positioned as an educational activity, and government financial subsidies were legislated. In addition, in order to provide meals that are safe and suitable for the growth of school children, professionals with a dietitian license were appointed for the operational management of school lunches, and the diet and nutrition teacher system was established in 2004. The nutritional standards for school lunches have repeatedly been revised to ensure the maintenance and improvement of the nutritional status of growing children. In 2008, the objectives and targets of the School Lunch Act were revised. Conclusion: The sustainable school lunch program in Japan developed owing to the School Lunch Act that clarified its objectives, established a financial foundation, and positioned professionals to manage it. Legislative preparations, including the revision of the necessary standards in response to social backgrounds and issues, are essential for the continuous advancement of the school lunch program