Locating wire fault using time domain reflectometry in controller area network based on kelvin resistance (4-wire) method

Abstract

CAN is a multi-master bus standard u sed to transfer the information between electronic control units (ECU’s) without a host computer. CAN network is used in the branch of technology as well as in industry. Fault occurrence in CAN system makes complicity in the data transmission between devices (ECU’s) and affects the efficiency of vehicle. Wire faults occur at irregular intervals are not easy to detect and locate in the CAN bus. The resistance of the wire can be measured by using four wire kelvin resistance measurements. So, this paper proposed a new method for detecting the open and wire short fault using Kelvin 4-wire resistance method in order to reduce the approximately 20% measurement error compared to the existing two wire resistance measurement and the TDR approach is used for locating it. This proposed approach is implemented using Arduino based CAN controller. The overall performance analysis of the proposed system is shown using ECU’s as a sender as well as receiver, it able to communicate with the CAN transceiver. The predetermined threshold resistance values are utilized in detection of open and short wire faults (Kelvin-wire resistance method).Whereas the amplitude and time interval of the reflected signals are used in locating the faults (simple TDR approach).The experimental result of the proposed system has been discussed to show the better performance by measuring and analyzing the reflected signal, we can identify the exact size and location of the fault in CAN bus.This proposal is inexpensive for CAN system trouble shooting and effective in identify wire faults prior to the user`s disruption.