The Etiology of Hospital Infections in the Intensive Care Unit of a Reference Hospital in Southern Mozambique

Abstract

Background: The knowledge of the etiological agents of hospital infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles is fundamental to direct the specific therapy, inform treatment guidelines, as well as the implementation of measures of surveillance and control of these infections. the present study describes the profile of bacteria most frequent implicated in infections in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in Maputo Central Hospital (HCM) Methods: This was a cross-sectional, epidemiological, quantitative approach, with a retrospective analysis of secondary data, performed at the ICUs in Maputo Central Hospital. Resulted: Most of the bacteria identified in this study were Gram-negative with 79.3% (142) versus the 20.7% (37) Gram-positive. The most frequent bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus with 16.8% (30), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 13.4% (24), Enterococcus Spp 10.1% (18), Klebsiela Spp 9.5% (17), Acinetobacter Spp 8.9% (16 ), Enterobacter Spp 8.4% (15), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7.8% (14), Escherichia coli 7.3% (13), Acinetobacter baumanni 4.5% (8) and Pseudomonas Spp 3.9% (7). Most etiologic agents were isolated in blood (49.2%), pus (20.7%) and urine samples (19.0%). Conclusions: The epidemiological surveillance, standard precautions, isolation measures, adequate materials and equipment, hygiene of the environment, training of the multi-professional team, implementation of control measures are important and determinant factors that may interfere in the results with a reduction in the prevalence rates of hospital infection