A new risk model based on a 11-m6A-related lncRNA signature for predicting prognosis and monitoring immunotherapy for gastric cancer

Abstract

Objective: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modification triggers malignant behaviors of tumor cells and thereby drives malignant progression in gastric cancer (GC). However, data regarding the prognostic values of m6A RNA methylation-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in GC are very limited in the literature. We aimed to investigate the prognostic potential of m6A-related lncRNAs in predicting prognosis and monitoring immunotherapy efficacy in GC patients. Methods: Transcriptome and clinical data were obtained from GC biopsies from Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). M6A-related lncRNAs associated with GC were identified by constructing a co-expression network, and the gene pairs differentially expressed in GC were selected using univariate analysis. We constructed a risk model based on prognosis-related lncRNA pairs selected using the LASSO algorithm and quantified the best cutoff by comparing the area under the curve (AUC) for risk stratification. A risk model with the optimal discrimination between high- and low-risk GC patients was established. Its feasibility for overall survival prediction and discrimination of clinicopathological features, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors between high- and low-risk groups were assessed. Results: Finally, we identified 11 m6A-related lncRNA pairs associated with GC prognosis based on transcriptome analysis of 375 GC specimens and 32 normal tissues. A risk model was constructed with an AUC of 0.8790. We stratified GC patients into high- and low-risk groups at a cutoff of 1.442. As expected, patients in the low-risk group had longer overall survival versus the high-risk group. Infiltration of cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages, particularly M2 macrophages, and monocytes was more severe in high-risk patients than low-risk individuals, who exhibited high CD4+ Th1 cell infiltration in GC. Altered expressions of immune-related genes were observed in both groups. PD-1 and LAG3 expressions were found higher in low-risk patients than high-risk patients. Immunotherapy, either single or combined use of PD-1 or CTLA4 inhibitors, had better efficacy in low-risk patients than high-risk patients. Conclusion: The new risk model based on a 11-m6A-related lncRNA signature can serve as an independent predictor for GC prognosis prediction and may aid in the development of personalized immunotherapy strategies for patients.