The role of a transitional care program in supporting family caregivers to prevent relapse in severe mental illness: a qualitative study from Iran

Abstract

Background: Discharge from acute psychiatric care is a high-risk transition often associated with relapse, suicide, and poor treatment adherence. Transitional care programs. aim to improve care continuity through psychoeducation, case management, and structured follow-up. Despite mixed evidence on their impact on reducing readmissions, these programs are widely accepted by patients and caregivers. This study explored family caregivers’ experiences of a transitional care program in Iran, with a focus on its role in preventing relapse. Methods: This qualitative study utilized a conventional content analysis approach. Participants were 15 family caregivers of patients with severe mental disorders attending the Post-Discharge Education and Care Unit at Razi Educational Therapeutic Center in Tabriz, Iran. Purposeful sampling was employed to ensure diversity, and data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews until saturation was achieved. Data analysis followed Graneheim and Lundman’s qualitative content analysis framework, with trustworthiness ensured using Lincoln and Guba’s criteria. Findings: Analysis revealed a transformative process comprising four interconnected themes: “Improved Psychological Well-being” (enhanced security and positive emotions),“Educational–Attitudinal Transformation” (shifting from blame to understanding), “Knowledge Sharing and Diligence in Practice” (active dissemination and improved caregiving), and “Enhanced Patient Engagement and Adherence” (managed patient anxiety and strengthened motivation). These themes converged into the overarching pattern of “Life Transformation”. Conclusion: Transitional care programs can empower family caregivers by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and psychological well-being, which helps reduce caregiver burden and supports relapse prevention in patients with severe mental illness. The findings highlight the importance of integrating caregiver education, professional support, and continuity of care into psychiatric services to improve long-term outcomes. Clinical trial number: Not applicable.