Design and analysis of DC to DC converter with PID controller for fast charging electrical vehicle application

Abstract

As a consequence of the exponential growth of the electric vehicle (EV) market, DC fast charging infrastructure is being rapidly deployed all around the world. Stations for ultra-fast charging (UFC) are beginning to seriously test the electrical grid. Installing local energy storage can solve these problems by guaranteeing a smoother grid power absorption profile and enabling the provision of grid-supporting features. In this paper, a grid-side AC/DC converter control strategy for next-generation EV UFC stations is developed. In this study, the performance of a 2kW Cuk converter running in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) and Discontinuous Inductor Conduction Mode (DICM) for Ultra-Fast Charging (UFC) of low voltage EV batteries with PID controller, similar to that seen in golf carts, is evaluated. Moreover, state-space modelling is done to build the output current controller for the Cuk converter working in DICM. The designs were simulated and verified using MATLAB/Simulink, and the results show that the size and the complexity of the controller can be reduced when the Cuk converter operates in DICM, meeting the requirements of international standards.