Valvuloplastia aórtica por cateter balão na estenose aórtica degenerativa: Impacto terapêutico em pacientes em condição clínica in extremis

Abstract

Background: Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) is used as a palliative strategy in patients who are not eligible for valve replacement surgery, transcatheter aortic valve implantation, or as a bridge to these treatment modalities. The impact of BAV as a salvage procedure for patients in extreme clinical conditions (in extremis) is unknown. Methods: Patients with severe degenerative aortic stenosis undergoing BAV between July 2008 and January 2013 were evaluated. Patients were divided into the in-extremis group (defined by the presence of two or more of the following organ dysfunctions: mechanical ventilation, hemodynamic instability, dialysis, coagulopathy or severe hepatic dysfunction) and the control group, which included the remaining patients. Results: A total of 19 patients underwent BAV. The clinical condition in-extremis was present in 42.1% of them. Patients from the in-extremis group had a higher EUROSCORE II (41.1 ± 24.7 vs. 15.9 ± 14.0; P = 0.001) and LV ejection fraction lower than the control group (33.9 ± 17.3% vs. 49.0 ± 12.5; P = 0.04). None of the patients in the in-extremis group survived past the hospitalization period, whereas the control group mortality was 27.3% (P < 0.01). Conclusions: BAV has an unfavorable result in patients with severe degenerative aortic stenosis with two or more organ dysfunctions, that is, patients in extremis.