Compounding of short fiber reinforced phenolic resin by using specific mechanical energy input as a process control parameter

Abstract

For a newly developed thermoset injection molding process, glass fiber-reinforced phenolic molding compounds with fiber contents between 0 wt% and 60 wt% were compounded. To achieve a comparable remaining heat of the reaction in all compound formulations, the specific mechanical energy input (SME) during the twin-screw extruder compounding process was used as a control parameter. By adjusting the extruder screw speed and the material throughput, a constant SME into the resin was targeted. Validation measurements using differential scanning calorimetry showed that the remaining heat of the reaction was higher for the molding compounds with low glass fiber contents. It was concluded that the SME was not the only influencing factor on the resin crosslinking progress during the compounding. The material temperature and the residence time changed with the screw speed and throughput, and most likely influenced the curing. However, the SME was one of the major influence factors, and can serve as an at-line control parameter for reactive compounding processes. The mechanical characterization of the test specimens revealed a linear improvement in tensile strength up to a fiber content of 40–50 wt%. The unnotched Charpy impact strength at a 0◦ orientation reached a plateau at fiber fractions of approximately 45 wt%.