Exercise Maintenance in Older Adults 1 Year After Completion of a Supervised Training Intervention

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Barriers and facilitators of exercise maintenance and residual effects of exercise training intervention on physical and cognitive function after the cessation of training are inadequately described in older adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: One year after the cessation of a supervised exercise training intervention, a mixed methods approach employed a quantitative phase that assessed body composition and physical and cognitive function and a qualitative phase that explored determinants of exercise maintenance after participation in the intervention. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling older Irish adults (aged >65 years) who had completed 12 weeks of supervised exercise training 1 year previously. MEASUREMENTS: Fifty-three participants (male/female ratio = 30:23; age = 70.8 ± 3.9 years) completed the follow-up testing comprising body composition and physical and cognitive function. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 participants (male/female ratio = 6:6) using the Theoretical Domains Framework to inform the interview guide. RESULTS: At 1 year follow-up, body fat increased (mean = 4.3%; 95% confidence limit = 2.2% to 6.3%), while lean body mass (mean = −0.6%; 95% confidence limit = −1.2% to −0.1%), strength (leg press, mean = −5.6%; 95% confidence limit = −8.3% to −2.8%; chest press, mean = −11.0%; 95% confidence limit = −14.8% to −7.8%), and cognitive function (mean = −3.7%; 95% confidence limit = −5.7% to −1.8%) declined (all P