Medicamentos causantes de hepatotoxicidad en el embarazo: Revisión estructurada

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify hepatotoxic drugs and determine the main characteristics of drug hepatotoxicity in pregnancy. Method: We conducted a structured review of PubMed/Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science using the terms “Drug induced liver injury” OR Hepatotoxicity AND Pregnancy. The search included articles in English and Spanish with information on hepatotoxic drugs in pregnancy that were posted between 2005 and 2015. Items not related to pregnancy or hepatotoxicity or which were related to other causes of liver disease or to hepatotoxicity due to other substances were excluded. Drug information and patient characteristics were recorded in a table. The probability of occurrence of hepatotoxicity was as­sessed and grouped into three categories: defined, probable, and possible. The categories of some drugs were determined with the RUCAM method. Results: We identified 488 articles of which 46 were selected. Twelve agents that are potentially hepatotoxic for pregnant women were identified: acetaminophen, alpha-methyldopa, methotrexate, methotrexate, saquinavir, nevirapine, propylthiouracil, methimazole, carbimazole, nitrofurantoin, acetylsalicylic acid and piperidolate. Some characteristics associated with the drugs were time of reaction onset, weeks of pregnancy (3-36), risk factors (age and chronic diseases), clinical manifestations (elevation of transaminases, pruritus, and jaundice) and outcomes (liver transplantation and death of mother and/or fetus). Conclusion: Acetaminophen, alpha-methyldopa, labetalol, methotrexate, saquinavir, nevirapi­ne, propylthiouracil, methimazole, carbimazole, nitrofurantoin, acetylsalicylic acid and piperidolate can cause hepatotoxicity in pregnant patients. In addition to dosage and exposure time, patient age and gestation time can influence presentation and severity of hepatotoxicity.