Determinants of Depression among Malay Single Mothers Living in Community in Perak, Malaysia

Abstract

Background: Being a single mother is challenging. Many single mothers developed depression, but some managed to survive. This study aimed to determine the proportion of depression among single mothers living in community and its associated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved conveniently sampled 213 Malay single mothers living in community in Perak, Malaysia. A Malay version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 was used to determine significant depression at a cut-off point of 10. Malay version of Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS-M) and Brief-Coping with Problems Experienced (COPE) scales were used to assess support and coping strategies. Results: The proportion of depression among Malay single mothers in this study was 20.2% (95% CI: 15.0, 26.2). Previous history of depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 10.27; 95% CI: 2.18, 48.35; P = 0.003) and coping by using self-blame (aOR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.45, 2.77; P < 0.001) increased the risk of depression. Active coping (aOR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.96; P = 0.027) and use of emotional support (aOR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.84; P = 0.002) is protective of depression. Conclusion: There was a high proportion of depression among Malay single mothers living in the community. Personal history of depression and type of coping strategies used significantly influenced the occurrence of depression among these single mothers. Providing guidance to acquire adaptive coping strategies is a crucial preventive measure.