Exploring the middle infrared region for urban remote sensing: Seasonal and view angle effects

Abstract

This letter explores key variables affecting radiance observed in the middle infrared (MIR) region (3-5 m) over urban areas. To date, MIR has received little attention in urban remote sensing. Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) band 23, which spans 4.02-4.08 m, we examine (1) the seasonality of MIR, (2) the relationship between MIR radiance and percent impervious surface area (percentage ISA) and (3) sensor view zenith angle (VZA) effects on observed MIR radiance over cities. We find the effects of sensor VZA and percentage ISA to be two important factors influencing MIR radiance in urban areas, which allows settlements to emerge as islands of MIR brightness amidst MIR-dark vegetated landscapes. © 2013 The Author(s).